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Sains Malaysiana 52(11)(2023): 3177-3187
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5211-12
Reka Bentuk Pasir Pantai Mesoliang bagi
Penyahoksigenan Bermangkin Minyak Masak Terpakai kepada Bahan Api Keterbaharuan
(Mesostructured Beach Sand Design for
Catalytic Deoxygenation of Waste Cooking Oil to Renewable Fuels)
DARFIZZI DERAWI1,* & NURUL HUDA MOHD
ZAHIDI1 & KHAIRUL BASYAR BAHARUDIN2
1Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Received: 15 July 2023/Accepted: 17 October 2023
Abstrak
Kajian ini memfokus kepada reka
bentuk mangkin dwilogam NiCo tersokong atas permukaan pasir pantai terawat HCl
(P-HCl) untuk tindak balas penyahoksigenan minyak masak terpakai bagi
menghasilkan hidrokarbon cecair gasolin, diesel dan bahan api jet. Mangkin
dwilogam berkandungan Ni (10 %bt.) dan Co (10 %bt.) disediakan melalui kaedah pengisitepuan
bagi menghasilkan mangkin NiCo/P-HCl. Po, P-HCl dan NiCo/P-HCl telah
dilakukan pencirian fizikal dan aktiviti pemangkinan telah diuji melalui tindak
balas penyahoksigenan. Prestasi mangkin dinilai dari segi peratusan hasil
tindak balas dan kepilihan mengikut julat karbon gasolin (C8-C11),
diesel (C11-C17) dan bahan api jet (C8-C16).
Perawatan HCl telah bertindak balas dengan logam oksida yang mempunyai
keelektropositifan yang lebih tinggi (Al2O3 dan Fe2O3),
seterusnya menyebabkan pengurangan komposisi logam oksida tersebut,
masing-masing sebanyak 10.0% dan 12.5%. Pengurangan komposisi logam oksida
telah mempengaruhi keporosan penyokong pasir yang telah dirawat. Setelah
pemuatan logam Ni dan Co, mangkin berstruktur mesoliang (5.9 nm) terhasil dengan
peningkatan luas permukaan (22.5 m2/g) dan isi padu liang (0.032 cm3/g).
Mangkin NiCo/P-HCl telah berjaya menukarkan minyak masak terpakai kepada
hidrokarbon cecair sebanyak 71%, mengikut keutamaan kepilihan produk iaitu
bahan api jet (86%), diesel (83%) dan gasolin (17%). Penukaran minyak masak
terpakai kepada produk bahan api keterbaharuan bakal memberikan nilai tambah
dan menyokong kepada inisiatif teknologi hijau serta kitaran ekonomi yang
mampan.
Kata kunci: Bahan api
keterbaharuan; pasir pantai; penyahoksigenan; perawatan asid hidroklorik
Abstract
This
study focuses on the design of NiCo bimetallic catalysts supported on the
surface of HCl treated beach sand (P-HCl) for the deoxygenation reaction of
used cooking oil to produce liquid hydrocarbons of gasoline, diesel, and jet
fuel. A bimetallic catalyst containing Ni (5 wt.%) and Co (5 wt.%) was prepared
through the impregnation method to produce a NiCo/P-HCl catalyst. Po,
P-HCl and NiCo/P-HCl were physically characterized and the catalytic activity
was tested through the deoxygenation reaction. Catalyst performance was
evaluated in terms of percentage reaction yield and selectivity according to
the carbon range of gasoline (C8-C11), diesel (C11-C17),
and jet fuel (C8-C16). HCl treatment has caused a
reduction in the composition of more electropositive metal oxides, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 by 10.7% and 8.4%. The NiCo/P-HCl catalyst has
successfully converted waste cooking oil to liquid hydrocarbons by 71%,
according to the priority of product selection which is jet fuel (86%), diesel
(83%), and gasoline (17%). The conversion of waste cooking oil to renewable
fuel products will provide added value and support to green technology
initiatives as well as sustainable economic cycle.
Keywords: Beach sand; deoxygenation;
hydrochloric acid treatment; renewable fuels
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*Corresponding author;
email: darfizzi@ukm.edu.my
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